Google C++ Mocking Framework ============================ http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/ Overview -------- Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes on Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. Inspired by jMock, EasyMock, and Hamcrest, and designed with C++'s specifics in mind, it can help you derive better designs of your system and write better tests. Google Mock: - provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks, - can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real and mock objects, - handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions, - comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments, - uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock, - does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed), - allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on function calls to be expressed, - lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions. - does not use exceptions, and - is easy to learn and use. Please see the project page above for more information as well as mailing lists for questions, discussions, and development. There is also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please join us! Please note that code under scripts/generator/ is from the cppclean project (http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and under the Apache License, which is different from Google Mock's license. Requirements ------------ Google Mock is not a testing framework itself. Instead, it needs a testing framework for writing tests. It works with Google Test (http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) out of the box. You can use either the copy of Google Test that comes with Google Mock, or a compatible version you already have. This version of Google Mock requires Google Test 1.4.0. You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing framework of your choice; although it will still need Google Test as an internal dependency. Please read http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework for how to do it. Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock: ### Linux Requirements ### These are the base requirements to build and use Google Mock from a source package (as described below): * GNU-compatible Make or "gmake" * POSIX-standard shell * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h) * gcc 3.4 or newer. Furthermore, if you are building Google Mock from a VCS Checkout (also described below), there are further requirements: * Automake version 1.9 or newer * Autoconf version 2.59 or newer * Libtool / Libtoolize * Python version 2.3 or newer ### Windows Requirements ### * Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer ### Mac OS X Requirements ### * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer * Developer Tools Installed Getting the Source ------------------ There are two primary ways of getting Google Mock's source code: you can download a source release in your preferred archive format, or directly check out the source from a Version Control System (VCS, we use Google Code's Subversion hosting). The VCS checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software packages on your system, but lets you track development, and make patches to contribute much more easily, so we highly encourage it. ### VCS Checkout: ### The first step is to select whether you want to check out the main line of development on Google Mock, or one of the released branches. The former will be much more active and have the latest features, but the latter provides much more stability and predictability. Choose whichever fits your needs best, and proceed with the following Subversion commands: svn checkout http://googlemock.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ gmock-svn or for a release version X.Y.*'s branch: svn checkout http://googlemock.googlecode.com/svn/branches/release-X.Y/ \ gmock-X.Y-svn Next you will need to prepare the GNU Autotools build system, if you are using Linux or Mac OS X. Enter the target directory of the checkout command you used ('gmock-svn' or 'gmock-X.Y-svn' above) and proceed with the following command: autoreconf -fvi Once you have completed this step, you are ready to build the library. Note that you should only need to complete this step once. The subsequent `make' invocations will automatically re-generate the bits of the build system that need to be changed. If your system uses older versions of the autotools, the above command will fail. You may need to explicitly specify a version to use. For instance, if you have both GNU Automake 1.4 and 1.9 installed and `automake' would invoke the 1.4, use instead: AUTOMAKE=automake-1.9 ACLOCAL=aclocal-1.9 autoreconf -fvi Make sure you're using the same version of automake and aclocal. ### Source Package: ### Google Mock is also released in source packages which can be downloaded from its Google Code download page[1]. Several different archive formats are provided, but the only difference is the tools needed to extract their contents, and the size of the resulting file. Download whichever you are most comfortable with. [1] Google Mock Downloads: http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/downloads/list Once downloaded expand the archive using whichever tools you prefer for that type. This will always result in a new directory with the name "gmock-X.Y.Z" which contains all of the source code. Here are some examples in Linux: tar -xvzf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.gz tar -xvjf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2 unzip gmock-X.Y.Z.zip Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ---------------------------- Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library heavily. Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all compilers. The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need. Google Mock will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple. Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test and Google Mock use. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your project uses (this requirement is new in Google Test 1.4.0 and Google Mock 1.2.0, so you may need to take care of it when upgrading from an earlier version), or the two tuple implementations will clash. To do that, add -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0 to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and your tests. If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain it and set it up. Building the Source ------------------- ### Linux and Mac OS X (without Xcode) ### There are two primary options for building the source at this point: build it inside the source code tree, or in a separate directory. We recommend building in a separate directory as that tends to produce both more consistent results and be easier to clean up should anything go wrong, but both patterns are supported. The only hard restriction is that while the build directory can be a subdirectory of the source directory, the opposite is not possible and will result in errors. Once you have selected where you wish to build Google Mock, create the directory if necessary, and enter it. The following steps apply for either approach by simply substituting the shell variable SRCDIR with "." for building inside the source directory, and the relative path to the source directory otherwise. ${SRCDIR}/configure # Standard GNU configure script, --help for more info Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are standard for GNU-style OSS packages. make # Standard makefile following GNU conventions make check # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building against Google Test as well. There is no need to configure Google Test separately. ### Windows ### The msvc/ directory contains VC++ 2005 projects for building Google Mock and selected tests. If you want to use a version of Google Test other then the one bundled with Google Mock, change the value of the GTestDir macro in gmock_config.vsprop to point to the new location. Open msvc/gmock.sln and build the library and tests. If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll have to configure it to use the gmock_config propety sheet. For that: * Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager) * Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..." * Navigate to gmock_config.vsprops and select it. * In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional Include Directories, type /include. TODO(wan@google.com): update the .vsprops and .vcproj files such that the last step is unnecessary. ### Using GNU Make ### The make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available (e.g. Linux and Mac OS X). It doesn't try to build Google Mock's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Mock libraries and some sample tests. You can use it as a starting point for your own Makefile. If the default settings are correct for your environment, the following commands should succeed: cd ${SRCDIR}/make make ./gmock_test If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of make/Makefile to make them go away. There are instructions in make/Makefile on how to do it. ### Using Your Own Build System ### If none of the build solutions we provide works for you, or if you prefer your own build system, you just need to compile ${GTEST_SRCDIR}/src/gtest-all.cc (where GTEST_SRCDIR is the root of the Google Test source tree) and src/gmock-all.cc into a library and link your tests with it. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc, something like the following will do: cd ${SRCDIR} g++ -I. -I./include -I${GTEST_SRCDIR} -I${GTEST_SRCDIR}/include \ -c {GTEST_SRCDIR}/src/gtest-all.cc g++ -I. -I./include -I${GTEST_SRCDIR} -I${GTEST_SRCDIR}/include \ -c src/gmock-all.cc ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o g++ -I. -I./include -I${GTEST_SRCDIR} -I${GTEST_SRCDIR}/include \ path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test Regenerating Source Files ------------------------- Some of Google Mock's source files are generated from templates (not in the C++ sense) using a script. A template file is named FOO.pump, where FOO is the name of the file it will generate. For example, the file include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump is used to generate gmock-generated-actions.h in the same directory. Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files, unless you need to modify them (e.g. if you are working on a patch for Google Mock). In that case, you should modify the corresponding .pump files instead and run the 'pump' script (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming) to regenerate them. We are still working on releasing the script and its documentation. If you need it now, please email googlemock@googlegroups.com such that we know to make it happen sooner. Happy testing!