diff --git a/googletest/README.md b/googletest/README.md index 6992f3ca..766ddc1e 100644 --- a/googletest/README.md +++ b/googletest/README.md @@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list, see file ### Multi-threaded Tests Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available. After -`#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the `GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE` macro to see -whether this is the case (yes if the macro is `#defined` to 1, no if it's -undefined.). +`#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the +`GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE` macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is +`#defined` to 1, no if it's undefined.). If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available in your environment, you can force it with diff --git a/googletest/docs/pkgconfig.md b/googletest/docs/pkgconfig.md index 5ad1f011..b7758738 100644 --- a/googletest/docs/pkgconfig.md +++ b/googletest/docs/pkgconfig.md @@ -1,25 +1,24 @@ -## Using GoogleTest from various build systems ## +## Using GoogleTest from various build systems GoogleTest comes with pkg-config files that can be used to determine all necessary flags for compiling and linking to GoogleTest (and GoogleMock). Pkg-config is a standardised plain-text format containing - * the includedir (-I) path - * necessary macro (-D) definitions - * further required flags (-pthread) - * the library (-L) path - * the library (-l) to link to +* the includedir (-I) path +* necessary macro (-D) definitions +* further required flags (-pthread) +* the library (-L) path +* the library (-l) to link to -All current build systems support pkg-config in one way or another. For -all examples here we assume you want to compile the sample +All current build systems support pkg-config in one way or another. For all +examples here we assume you want to compile the sample `samples/sample3_unittest.cc`. - -### CMake ### +### CMake Using `pkg-config` in CMake is fairly easy: -``` cmake +```cmake cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0) cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW) @@ -43,11 +42,10 @@ that all libraries have been compiled with threading enabled. In addition, GoogleTest might also require `-pthread` in the compiling step, and as such splitting the pkg-config `Cflags` variable into include dirs and macros for `target_compile_definitions()` might still miss this). The same recommendation -goes for using `_LDFLAGS` over the more commonplace `_LIBRARIES`, which -happens to discard `-L` flags and `-pthread`. +goes for using `_LDFLAGS` over the more commonplace `_LIBRARIES`, which happens +to discard `-L` flags and `-pthread`. - -### Autotools ### +### Autotools Finding GoogleTest in Autoconf and using it from Automake is also fairly easy: @@ -77,8 +75,7 @@ testapp_CXXFLAGS = $(GTEST_CFLAGS) testapp_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS) ``` - -### Meson ### +### Meson Meson natively uses pkgconfig to query dependencies: @@ -96,13 +93,12 @@ testapp = executable( test('first_and_only_test', testapp) ``` +### Plain Makefiles -### Plain Makefiles ### +Since `pkg-config` is a small Unix command-line utility, it can be used in +handwritten `Makefile`s too: -Since `pkg-config` is a small Unix command-line utility, it can be used -in handwritten `Makefile`s too: - -``` Makefile +```Makefile GTEST_CFLAGS = `pkg-config --cflags gtest_main` GTEST_LIBS = `pkg-config --libs gtest_main` @@ -120,12 +116,11 @@ testapp.o: samples/sample3_unittest.cc $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -c -o $@ $(GTEST_CFLAGS) ``` - -### Help! pkg-config can't find GoogleTest! ### +### Help! pkg-config can't find GoogleTest! Let's say you have a `CMakeLists.txt` along the lines of the one in this -tutorial and you try to run `cmake`. It is very possible that you get a -failure along the lines of: +tutorial and you try to run `cmake`. It is very possible that you get a failure +along the lines of: ``` -- Checking for one of the modules 'gtest_main' @@ -135,9 +130,9 @@ CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPkgConfig.cmake:640 (message): These failures are common if you installed GoogleTest yourself and have not sourced it from a distro or other package manager. If so, you need to tell -pkg-config where it can find the `.pc` files containing the information. -Say you installed GoogleTest to `/usr/local`, then it might be that the -`.pc` files are installed under `/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig`. If you set +pkg-config where it can find the `.pc` files containing the information. Say you +installed GoogleTest to `/usr/local`, then it might be that the `.pc` files are +installed under `/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig`. If you set ``` export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig diff --git a/googletest/docs/pump_manual.md b/googletest/docs/pump_manual.md index 3ec428e3..10b3c5ff 100644 --- a/googletest/docs/pump_manual.md +++ b/googletest/docs/pump_manual.md @@ -1,52 +1,51 @@ - - Pump is Useful for Meta Programming. -# The Problem # +# The Problem -Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes, -functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of -arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and -error-prone work. +Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes, functions, or +macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of arguments they take. +It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and error-prone work. -Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem. -However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither -is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers. Thus they -are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be -portable. And their capabilities are still limited. +Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem. However, while +both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither is in the standard yet +or widely supported by compilers. Thus they are often not a good choice, +especially when your code needs to be portable. And their capabilities are still +limited. -As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to -generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's -tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of -the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For -example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some -non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially -painful when experimenting with the code. +As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to generate +their implementation. However, our experience is that it's tedious to write such +scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of the generated code poorly and +are often hard to read and edit. For example, a small change needed in the +generated code may require some non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the +script. This is especially painful when experimenting with the code. -# Our Solution # +# Our Solution Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta -Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you -prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a -programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta -code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle -iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable -definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can -view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is -designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode, -for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to -maintain. +Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you prefer) is +a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a programmer writes a +`foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta code that manipulates the C++ +code. The meta code can handle iterations over a range, nested iterations, local +meta variable definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You +can view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is designed +to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode, for example) and +concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to maintain. -## Highlights ## +## Highlights - * The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms. - * Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](https://github.com/google/styleguide): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly. - * The format is human-readable and more concise than XML. - * The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode. +* The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no + build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms. +* Pump tries to be smart with respect to + [Google's style guide](https://github.com/google/styleguide): it breaks long + lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit + within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly. +* The format is human-readable and more concise than XML. +* The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode. -## Examples ## +## Examples -The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line): +The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are +meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line): ``` $var n = 3 $$ Defines a meta variable n. @@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ $if i == 0 [[ will be translated by the Pump compiler to: -``` cpp +```cpp // Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates. template class Foo0 { @@ -105,9 +104,10 @@ Func($for i + [[a$i]]); $$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations. ``` -will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`: +will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on +the value of `n`: -``` cpp +```cpp Func(); // If n is 0. Func(a1); // If n is 1. Func(a1 + a2); // If n is 2. @@ -115,32 +115,38 @@ Func(a1 + a2 + a3); // If n is 3. // And so on... ``` -## Constructs ## +## Constructs We support the following meta programming constructs: -| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. | -|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `$range id exp..exp` | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later. | -| `$for id sep [[ code ]]` | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`. | -| `$($)` | Generates a single `$` character. | -| `$id` | Value of the named constant or iteration variable. | -| `$(exp)` | Value of the expression. | -| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional. | -| `[[ code ]]` | Meta lexical block. | -| `cpp_code` | Raw C++ code. | -| `$$ comment` | Meta comment. | +| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is | +: : valid util the end of the current meta : +: : lexical block. : +| :------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------- | +| `$range id exp..exp` | Sets the range of an iteration variable, | +: : which can be reused in multiple loops : +: : later. : +| `$for id sep [[ code ]]` | Iteration. The range of `id` must have | +: : been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in : +: : `code`. : +| `$($)` | Generates a single `$` character. | +| `$id` | Value of the named constant or iteration | +: : variable. : +| `$(exp)` | Value of the expression. | +| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional. | +| `[[ code ]]` | Meta lexical block. | +| `cpp_code` | Raw C++ code. | +| `$$ comment` | Meta comment. | -**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source -code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo` -or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write -very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may -need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show -up in your output. +**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source code, Pump +ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo` or next to `[[` or +`]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write very long lines to get +the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may need to insert an extra new-line +in such places for a new-line to show up in your output. -## Grammar ## +## Grammar -``` ebnf +```ebnf code ::= atomic_code* atomic_code ::= $var id = exp | $var id = [[ code ]] @@ -159,19 +165,26 @@ else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]] exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax ``` -## Code ## +## Code -You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](../scripts/pump.py). It is still -very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been -successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your -project, please let us know what you think! We also welcome help on -improving Pump. +You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](../scripts/pump.py). +It is still very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been +successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your project, +please let us know what you think! We also welcome help on improving Pump. -## Real Examples ## +## Real Examples -You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest/tree/master/googletest) and [Google Mock](https://github.com/google/googletest/tree/master/googlemock). The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`. +You can find real-world applications of Pump in +[Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest/tree/master/googletest) and +[Google Mock](https://github.com/google/googletest/tree/master/googlemock). The +source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`. -## Tips ## +## Tips - * If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1. - * To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line. +* If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them + using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` + generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1. +* To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you + want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line + character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain + this new line.