Googletest export
Some mechanical and grammatical fixes to the Primer. PiperOrigin-RevId: 268200783
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Abseil Team
Shaindel Schwartz
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@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
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*googletest* helps you write better C++ tests.
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googletest is a testing framework developed by the Testing Technology team with
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Google's specific requirements and constraints in mind. No matter whether you
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work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code, googletest can help
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you. And it supports *any* kind of tests, not just unit tests.
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Google's specific requirements and constraints in mind. Whether you work on
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Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code, googletest can help you. And it
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supports *any* kind of tests, not just unit tests.
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So what makes a good test, and how does googletest fit in? We believe:
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ So what makes a good test, and how does googletest fit in? We believe:
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easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch
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projects and start to work on a new code base.
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3. Tests should be *portable* and *reusable*. Google has a lot of code that is
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platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral. googletest
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platform-neutral; its tests should also be platform-neutral. googletest
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works on different OSes, with different compilers, with or without
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exceptions, so googletest tests can work with a variety of configurations.
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4. When tests fail, they should provide as much *information* about the problem
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@ -44,18 +44,17 @@ minutes to learn the basics and get started. So let's go!
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## Beware of the nomenclature
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_Note:_ There might be some confusion of idea due to different
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definitions of the terms _Test_, _Test Case_ and _Test Suite_, so beware
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of misunderstanding these.
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_Note:_ There might be some confusion arising from different definitions of the
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terms _Test_, _Test Case_ and _Test Suite_, so beware of misunderstanding these.
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Historically, googletest started to use the term _Test Case_ for grouping
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related tests, whereas current publications including the International Software
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Testing Qualifications Board ([ISTQB](http://www.istqb.org/)) and various
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textbooks on Software Quality use the term _[Test Suite][istqb test suite]_ for
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this.
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related tests, whereas current publications, including International Software
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Testing Qualifications Board ([ISTQB](http://www.istqb.org/)) materials and
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various textbooks on software quality, use the term
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_[Test Suite][istqb test suite]_ for this.
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The related term _Test_, as it is used in the googletest, is corresponding to
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the term _[Test Case][istqb test case]_ of ISTQB and others.
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The related term _Test_, as it is used in googletest, corresponds to the term
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_[Test Case][istqb test case]_ of ISTQB and others.
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The term _Test_ is commonly of broad enough sense, including ISTQB's definition
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of _Test Case_, so it's not much of a problem here. But the term _Test Case_ as
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@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so keep
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this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion errors.
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To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
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`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
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`<<` operator or a sequence of such operators. An example:
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```c++
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ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
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@ -166,16 +165,16 @@ Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies
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Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison operator or
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you'll get a compiler error. We used to require the arguments to support the
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`<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`, but it's no longer necessary. If
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`<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`, but this is no longer necessary. If
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`<<` is supported, it will be called to print the arguments when the assertion
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fails; otherwise googletest will attempt to print them in the best way it can.
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For more details and how to customize the printing of the arguments, see
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[documentation](../../googlemock/docs/cook_book.md#teaching-gmock-how-to-print-your-values)
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For more details and how to customize the printing of the arguments, see the
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[documentation](../../googlemock/docs/cook_book.md#teaching-gmock-how-to-print-your-values).
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These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
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corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc). Since this is
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discouraged by the Google [C++ Style
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Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Operator_Overloading),
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corresponding comparison operator (e.g., `==` or `<`). Since this is discouraged
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by the Google
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[C++ Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Operator_Overloading),
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you may need to use `ASSERT_TRUE()` or `EXPECT_TRUE()` to assert the equality of
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two objects of a user-defined type.
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@ -185,8 +184,8 @@ values on failure.
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Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
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arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
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the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
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choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
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the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e., the compiler is free to
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choose any order), and your code should not depend on any particular argument
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evaluation order.
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`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
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@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
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When doing pointer comparisons use `*_EQ(ptr, nullptr)` and `*_NE(ptr, nullptr)`
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instead of `*_EQ(ptr, NULL)` and `*_NE(ptr, NULL)`. This is because `nullptr` is
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typed while `NULL` is not. See [FAQ](faq.md) for more details.
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typed, while `NULL` is not. See the [FAQ](faq.md) for more details.
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If you're working with floating point numbers, you may want to use the floating
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point variations of some of these macros in order to avoid problems caused by
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@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ Advanced googletest Guide.
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To create a test:
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1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are
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1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function. These are
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ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
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2. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include,
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use the various googletest assertions to check values.
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@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ TEST(TestSuiteName, TestName) {
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`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The *first* argument is the name
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of the test suite, and the *second* argument is the test's name within the test
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case. Both names must be valid C++ identifiers, and they should not contain
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underscore (`_`). A test's *full name* consists of its containing test suite and
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any underscores (`_`). A test's *full name* consists of its containing test suite and
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its individual name. Tests from different test suites can have the same
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individual name.
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@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
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}
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```
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googletest groups the test results by test suites, so logically-related tests
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googletest groups the test results by test suites, so logically related tests
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should be in the same test suite; in other words, the first argument to their
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`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
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`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
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@ -305,18 +304,18 @@ for
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## Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests {#same-data-multiple-tests}
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If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data, you
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can use a *test fixture*. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
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can use a *test fixture*. This allows you to reuse the same configuration of
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objects for several different tests.
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To create a fixture:
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1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` as
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1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:`, as
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we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
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2. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
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3. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare
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the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as
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**`Setup()`** with a small `u` - Use `override` in C++11 to make sure you
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spelled it correctly
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spelled it correctly.
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4. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any
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resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the
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constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read
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@ -344,9 +343,9 @@ Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
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`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
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declaration`".
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For each test defined with `TEST_F()` , googletest will create a *fresh* test
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fixture at runtime, immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` , run the test,
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clean up by calling `TearDown()` , and then delete the test fixture. Note that
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For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, googletest will create a *fresh* test
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fixture at runtime, immediately initialize it via `SetUp()`, run the test,
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clean up by calling `TearDown()`, and then delete the test fixture. Note that
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different tests in the same test suite have different test fixture objects, and
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googletest always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one.
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googletest does **not** reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any
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@ -424,9 +423,9 @@ would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
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When these tests run, the following happens:
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1. googletest constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
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2. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
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3. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
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1. googletest constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1`).
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2. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1`.
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3. The first test (`IsEmptyInitially`) runs on `t1`.
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4. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
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5. `t1` is destructed.
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6. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time
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@ -440,14 +439,14 @@ When these tests run, the following happens:
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unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all
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your defined tests in order to run them.
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After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which
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After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, which
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returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that
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`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs *all tests* in your link unit -- they can be from
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`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs *all tests* in your link unit--they can be from
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different test suites, or even different source files.
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When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
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* Saves the state of all googletest flags
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* Saves the state of all googletest flags.
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* Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
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@ -459,7 +458,7 @@ When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
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* Deletes the fixture.
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* Restores the state of all googletest flags
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* Restores the state of all googletest flags.
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* Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
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@ -472,7 +471,7 @@ If a fatal failure happens the subsequent steps will be skipped.
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> return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
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>
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> Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than
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> once conflicts with some advanced googletest features (e.g. thread-safe
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> once conflicts with some advanced googletest features (e.g., thread-safe
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> [death tests](advanced.md#death-tests)) and thus is not supported.
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**Availability**: Linux, Windows, Mac.
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@ -480,7 +479,7 @@ If a fatal failure happens the subsequent steps will be skipped.
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## Writing the main() Function
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Write your own main() function, which should return the value of
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`RUN_ALL_TESTS()`
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`RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
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You can start from this boilerplate:
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@ -544,14 +543,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
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The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for
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googletest flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to
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control a test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in
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[AdvancedGuide](advanced.md). You **must** call this function before calling
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the [AdvancedGuide](advanced.md). You **must** call this function before calling
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`RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags won't be properly initialized.
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On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
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in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
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But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We
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agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic
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agree with you completely, and that's why Google Test provides a basic
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implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with
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gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
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